4 parts

How the Internet Works

DNS, TCP, HTTP, TLS, cookies, CORS, caching and CDNs, explained from scratch with steppable diagrams of every handshake and lookup.

What happens when you type a URL and hit enter

The full journey from keystroke to rendered page: DNS, TCP, TLS, HTTP, and rendering. The map this whole networking series fills in, piece by piece.

7 min read

IP addresses and packets: how data finds you

What an IP address actually is, why data travels in packets instead of one stream, and how routers pass them along. The layer under DNS and TCP.

7 min read

DNS: how names become addresses

How DNS resolves a domain name to an IP address, step by step: stub resolvers, recursive resolvers, root servers, and why caching makes the second lookup free.

6 min read

TCP vs UDP: reliable or fast, pick one

How TCP's three-way handshake builds a reliable connection, what UDP skips to go faster, and why video calls and web pages make opposite trade-offs.

6 min read